Emerging Solution: UC Berkeley School of Information Augmented Reality for Visually Impaired People AR for VIPs HoloLens Project
Available at: https://github.com/arvips/AR-for-VIPs-V1
Video Presentation: AR for VIPs Demonstration Video (Youtube)
Further Reading: Dylan Fox's Augmented Reality for Visually Impaired People project site with details and project final report (PDF)
Background Reading: Microsoft Research's Accessible Mixed Reality